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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toraltem | om toralte |
| 2SG: | toraltet | ot toralte |
| 3SG: | toralta | ok/ogeš toralte |
| 1PL: | toraltena | ona/ogə̑na toralte |
| 2PL: | toralteda | oda/ogə̑da toralte |
| 3PL: | toraltat | ogə̑t toralte |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toraltə̑šə̑m | šə̑m toralte |
| 2SG: | toraltə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ toralte |
| 3SG: | toraltə̑š | ə̑š toralte |
| 1PL: | toraltə̑šna | ə̑šna toralte |
| 2PL: | toraltə̑šda | ə̑šda toralte |
| 3PL: | toraltə̑št | ə̑št toralte |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toraltenam | toralten omə̑l |
| 2SG: | toraltenat | toralten otə̑l |
| 3SG: | toralten | toralten ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | toraltenna | toralten onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | toraltenda | toralten odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | toraltenə̑t | toralten ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toraltem ə̑l'e | om toralte ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | toraltet ə̑l'e | ot toralte ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | toralta ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš toralte ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | toraltena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na toralte ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | toralteda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da toralte ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | toraltat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t toralte ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toraltem ulmaš | om toralte ulmaš |
| 2SG: | toraltet ulmaš | ot toralte ulmaš |
| 3SG: | toralta ulmaš | ok/ogeš toralte ulmaš |
| 1PL: | toraltena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na toralte ulmaš |
| 2PL: | toralteda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da toralte ulmaš |
| 3PL: | toraltat ulmaš | ogə̑t toralte ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toraltenam ə̑l'e | toralten omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | toraltenat ə̑l'e | toralten otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | toralten ə̑l'e | toralten ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | toraltenna ə̑l'e | toralten onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | toraltenda ə̑l'e | toralten odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | toralten ə̑l'e | toralten ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toraltenam ulmaš | toralten omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | toraltenat ulmaš | toralten otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | toralten ulmaš | toralten ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | toraltenna ulmaš | toralten onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | toraltenda ulmaš | toralten odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | toralten ulmaš | toralten ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toralte | it toralte |
| 3SG: | toraltə̑že | ə̑nže toralte |
| 1PL: | (toraltena) | (ona/ogə̑na toralte) |
| 2PL: | toraltə̑za | ida toralte |
| 3PL: | toraltə̑št | ə̑nə̑št toralte |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toraltə̑nem | ə̑nem toralte |
| 2SG: | toraltə̑net | ə̑net toralte |
| 3SG: | toraltə̑neže | ə̑než toralte |
| 1PL: | toraltə̑nena | ə̑nena toralte |
| 2PL: | toraltə̑neda | ə̑neda toralte |
| 3PL: | toraltə̑nešt | ə̑nešt toralte |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toraltə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem toralte ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | toraltə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net toralte ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | toraltə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než toralte ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | toraltə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena toralte ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | toraltə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda toralte ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | toraltə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt toralte ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toraltə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net toralte ulmaš |
| 3SG: | toraltə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než toralte ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | toraltə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda toralte ulmaš |
| 3PL: | toraltə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt toralte ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | toraltaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | toraltə̑man |
| Active participle: | toraltə̑še |
| Passive participle: | toraltə̑me |
| Future-necessitive participle: | toraltə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | toraltə̑də̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | toralten |
| Negative gerund: | toraltə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | toraltə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | toraltə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | toraltə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | toraltə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | toraltə̑də̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||